Liver and gallbladder disorders encompass a variety of conditions that affect these vital organs, impacting their function and overall health. These disorders can lead to a range of symptoms and complications. Here are key points about common liver and gallbladder disorders, their symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options:
Common Liver Disorders
Hepatitis:
Types: Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E.
Symptoms: Fatigue, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and dark urine.
Diagnosis: Blood tests to detect viral markers and liver function tests, imaging studies, and liver biopsy.
Treatment: Antiviral medications for hepatitis B and C, supportive care for hepatitis A and E, and vaccination for prevention.
Fatty Liver Disease (Hepatic Steatosis):
Types: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Symptoms: Often asymptomatic, but can include fatigue, discomfort in the upper right abdomen, and liver enlargement.
Diagnosis: Blood tests, imaging studies (ultrasound, CT scan, MRI), and liver biopsy.
Treatment: Lifestyle changes (weight loss, healthy diet, avoiding alcohol), managing underlying conditions (diabetes, high cholesterol).
Cirrhosis:
Symptoms: Fatigue, weakness, jaundice, easy bruising, swelling in the legs and abdomen, confusion, and gastrointestinal bleeding.
Diagnosis: Blood tests, imaging studies, liver biopsy.
Treatment: Addressing the underlying cause (alcohol cessation, antiviral therapy), managing complications (diuretics, beta-blockers, lactulose), and liver transplant in advanced cases.